l local parties organizations lost their role of organizing local campaigns, candidate became able make his campaign all over the country, he could travel to different places because of transport development, as well he can make a use of media to promote him/her self what was impossible in time of party-centered system; l political parties became weaker Russian Courses Kiev mostly because other actors appeared in the political stage, interests groups and lobbing groups became powerful and parties lost their monopol; l during the time party lost possibility of selecting candidates to the elections, after implementing the law about primary elections it was not necessary anymore for candidates to work for party for long time and get the leaders acceptance; l the institution of primary election played as well important role – it became a kind of contest between candidates and it require them to make campaign oriented on themselves, they were advertising person not parties program as a whole. Somehow primaries required to be candidate-oriented because peoples from one party are fighting against each other and it is natural step then in the general elections winners of primaries are following the way of campaigning which brought them success; personal campaigns are rather more efficient, voters are more in favour to vote for concrete person then for party.